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On this day in Civil War history
Compiled by Mitchell Werksman and Jim Klag
July 1 Birthdays
1802 - Gideon Welles, 24th U.S. secretary of the navy under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, born in Glastonbury, Connecticut (d. 1878)
July 1 Antebellum Events
1818 - Second Bank of the United States switches from expansionary to deflationary by requiring payment from state banks in gold.
1820 - At a convention in St. Louis, Missouri passes a pro-slave state constitution.
1820 - John Henry Winder (11/30) and George Douglas Ramsay (26/30) graduate from West Point.
1846 - Graduating from West Point (rank): George B. McClellan (2), John Gray Foster (4), Jesse Lee Reno (8), Darius Nash Couch (13) Thomas Jonathan Jackson later Stonewall Jackson(17), Truman Seymour (19), Charles Champion Gilbert (21), John Adams (25), Samuel Davis Sturgis (32), George Stoneman (33), William Duncan Smith (35) Dabney Herndon Maury (37), Innis Newton Palmer (38), David Rumph Jones (41), Alfred Gibbs (42), George Henry Gordon (43), Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox (54), William Montgomery Gardner (55), Samuel Bell Maxey (58), George Edward Pickett (59).
Monday July 1 1861
1894 - Allan Pinkerton, American private detective and founder of Chicago detective agency, dies at 64 in Chicago, IL.
1896 - Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author (Uncle Tom's Cabin), dies at 85 in Hartford, CT.
Compiled by Mitchell Werksman and Jim Klag
July 1 Birthdays
1802 - Gideon Welles, 24th U.S. secretary of the navy under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, born in Glastonbury, Connecticut (d. 1878)
July 1 Antebellum Events
1818 - Second Bank of the United States switches from expansionary to deflationary by requiring payment from state banks in gold.
1820 - At a convention in St. Louis, Missouri passes a pro-slave state constitution.
1820 - John Henry Winder (11/30) and George Douglas Ramsay (26/30) graduate from West Point.
1846 - Graduating from West Point (rank): George B. McClellan (2), John Gray Foster (4), Jesse Lee Reno (8), Darius Nash Couch (13) Thomas Jonathan Jackson later Stonewall Jackson(17), Truman Seymour (19), Charles Champion Gilbert (21), John Adams (25), Samuel Davis Sturgis (32), George Stoneman (33), William Duncan Smith (35) Dabney Herndon Maury (37), Innis Newton Palmer (38), David Rumph Jones (41), Alfred Gibbs (42), George Henry Gordon (43), Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox (54), William Montgomery Gardner (55), Samuel Bell Maxey (58), George Edward Pickett (59).
Monday July 1 1861
- The US War Dept. issues orders for raising troops in Kentucky and Tennessee even though Tennessee voted on May 6, to secede from the Union, while Kentucky has voted to remain neutral in the disagreement over states' rights.
- Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, USA, reports the arrest of the Baltimore Police Commissioners. He has a proclamation which he delivers to the citizens of Baltimore, MD.
- Philip Henry Sheridan, USA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- James Madison Tuttle, USA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- Action near Boonveville, MS, where Brig. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, USA, defeats Confederate forces there.
- Skirmish near Holly Springs, MS.
- The naval fleets under Flag Officers Daniel Farragut and Charles Davis, USN, combine forces north of Vicksburg, VA, on the Mississippi River.
- Skirmish at Cherry Grove, Schuyler County, MO, 6 miles from the Iowa border, with Rebel marauders.
- The Battle of Malvern Hill, or Crew's or Poindexter's Farm, VA, (day 7 of the Seven Days' Battle), with Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, USA, inflicting severe casualties on Gen. Robert E. Lee's charging Confederates, and Gen. Lee retreating. Lee does end the immediate Federal threat on Richmond, VA, as the 7 Days' Battle produced approximately 36,000 total Confederate and Union casualties.
- Skirmish near Fort Furnace, Powell's Big Fort Valley, VA, with Brig. Gen. John W. Geary, USA.
- The US Government approves the building of a trans-continental railroad across the west.
- The US Government enacts the first Federal Income Tax Law.
- Henry Harrison Walker, CSA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- Erasmus Darwin Keyes, U.S.A., is appointed Maj. Gen.
- John Parker Hawkins, USA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- Joseph Gilbert Totten, USA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- Engagement at Cabin Creek, the Indian Territory, with Col. Stand Watie, CSA.
- Affair at Christianburg, KY, where Rebel forces capture and burn the passenger train on the Louisville and Lexington Railroad.
- Skirmish at Baltimore Cross-Roads, MD, Maj. Gen. D.H. Hill, CSA, defending against a Union advance.
- Skirmish at Edwards Station, MS, as Lieut. Gen. John C. Pemberton, CSA, is close to surrendering Vicksburg, MS.
- Skirmish at Carlisle, PA.
- The Battle of Gettysburg, PA, as Lieut. Gen. A. P. Hill, CSA, pushed back Brig. Gen. John Buford's USA cavalry and then infantry of the 1st US Army Corps under Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday and the 11th US Army Corps under Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard; the Confederates occupy Gettysburg, as Lieut. Gen. Richard S. Ewell approaches from the north and fails to take Cemetery Hill. (Jul 1-3)
- Maj. Gen. John Fulton Reynolds, USA, commanding the 1st US Army Corps, is mortally wounded at Gettysburg, PA, along the Chambersburg Road near the edge of McPherson's Woods, while directing the leading Union troops who arrived to aid Brig. Gen. John Buford's cavalry command, being killed instantly by a Confederate sharpshooter, as he sat upon his horse.
- Skirmish near Bethpage Bridge, Elk River, TN.
- Skirmish near Bobo's Cross-Roads, TN.
- Tullahoma, TN, is occupied by Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, USA, as his highly successful Tullahoma Campaign is drawing to a conclusion with Gen. Braxton Bragg, CSA, continuing to retreat toward Chattanooga, TN.
- Maj. Gen. Daniel Henry Hill, CSA, is temporarily assigned to the command of the troops in the Dept. of Richmond, VA.
- Federal expeditions from White House to South Anna River under Brig. Gen. George W. Getty, USA, commanding 2nd Division, 7th US Army Corps and to Bottom's Bridge, VA, under Maj. Gen. Erasmus D. Keyes, commanding 4th US Army Corps, meeting up with Maj. Gen. Daniel H. Hill, CSA. (Jul 1-7)
- George Henry Chapman, USA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- John Thomas Croxton, USA, is appointed Brig. Gen.
- Operations in Arkansas. (Jul 1-31)
- The CSS Florida captures the Harriet Stevens off Bermuda.
- Brig. Gen. George Wright, USA, is assigned to the command of the District of California.
- Skirmish at Allatoona, GA.
- Skirmish at Howell's Ferry, GA.
- Skirmish at Lost Mountain, GA.
- Operations on the West Coast of Florida, where Federal troops, including the 2nd US Colored Infantry, destroy railroad track, cotton, mills, livestock, store-houses, etc. (Jul 1-31)
- Federal operations against the Sioux Indians in the District of Minnesota, including 90 Sioux surrendering to the Federal authorities; other Indians continuing to kill settlers, emigrants, including 3 citizen teamsters on Aug 24 on the Red River of the North; the Sisseton Sioux wishing to make peace; the defeat of the Teton bands of Sioux Indians, the transfer of many Indians to various Indian reservations, etc. (Jul 1-Oct 1)
- Skirmish near Fayette, MO.
- Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell, USA, assumes the command of the Dept. of the Pacific.
- President Lincoln appoints William Pitt Fessenden to replace Salmon P. Chase as the new Secretary of the Treasury.
- New Hampshire becomes the 21st state to ratify the 13th amendment which will abolish slavery.
- 1889 - Frederick Douglass is appointed U. S. Minister to Haiti.
1894 - Allan Pinkerton, American private detective and founder of Chicago detective agency, dies at 64 in Chicago, IL.
1896 - Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author (Uncle Tom's Cabin), dies at 85 in Hartford, CT.