Massacre at Fort Pillow

5fish

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This is what happened to Bradford... murder is murder it seems Forrest can murder too...


In reference to the fate of Major Bradford, who was in command of the Fort when it was captured, and who had up to that time received no injury, there seems to be no doubt. The general understanding everywhere seemed to be that he had been brutally murdered the day after he was taken prisoner.

There is some discrepancy in the testimony, but your committee do not see how the one who professed to have been an eye-witness of his death could have been mistaken. There may be some uncertainty in regard to his fate.

When your committee arrived at Memphis, Tennessee, they found and examined a man (Mr. McLagan) who had been conscripted by some of Forrest's forces, but who, with other conscripts, had succeeded in making his escape. He testifies that while two companies of rebel troops, with Major Bradford and many other prisoners, were on their march from Brownsville to Jackson, Tennessee, Major Bradford was taken by five rebels--one an officer — led about fifty yards from the line of march, and deliberately murdered in view of all there assembled. He fell — killed instantly by three musket-balls, even while asking that his life might be spared, as he had fought them manfully, and was deserving of a better fate. The motive for the murder of Major Bradford seems to have been the simple fact that, although a native of the South, he remained loyal to his government. The testimony herewith submitted contains many statements made by the rebels that they did not intend to treat “home-made Yankees,” as they termed loyal Southerners, any better than negro troops.

400 rifles, six pieces of artillery, 200 horses, and quartermaster stores valued at $100,000.
You should site your numbers in a link... but I can only verify the 100,000 in stores and 6 artillery pieces
 

5fish

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they will be riding a unicorn.
So Forrest lost three horses in one day and got injured at Ft Pillow. No wonder he was pissed...

A stray bullet struck Forrest's horse, felling the general and bruising him. This was the first of three horses he lost that day.

Forrest arrived at Fort Pillow at 10 a.m. on April 12. By this time Chalmers had already surrounded the fort. A stray bullet struck Forrest's horse, felling the general, bruising him, and putting him in a disagreeable mood.
 

Tom

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You should site your numbers in a link... but I can only verify the 100,000 in stores and 6 artillery pieces
The report of rifles captured varies from 350 to 600 (the number of men defending the fort was about 600). The 200 horses is from Forrest's report.
 

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This is what happened to Bradford... murder is murder it seems Forrest can murder too...

In reference to the fate of Major Bradford....
There is some discrepancy in the testimony, but your committee do not see how the one who professed to have been an eye-witness of his death could have been mistaken. There may be some uncertainty in regard to his fate.
When your committee arrived at Memphis, Tennessee, they found and examined a man (Mr. McLagan) who had been conscripted by some of Forrest's forces, but who, with other conscripts, had succeeded in making his escape. He testifies that while two companies of rebel troops, with Major Bradford and many other prisoners, were on their march from Brownsville to Jackson, Tennessee, Major Bradford was taken by five rebels--one an officer — led about fifty yards from the line of march, and deliberately murdered in view of all there assembled....
So the story is based on one witness - Mr. McLagan. He claims to have been conscripted, but I don't find "McLagan" on any Confederate roll.
 

5fish

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So the story is based on one witness - Mr. McLagan. He claims to have been conscripted, but I don't find "McLagan" on any Confederate roll.
@diane

I found this is a recount of Bradford's last hours or days before his death. He buried his brother and escaped but to be caught on the roads I would have been in the bushes traveling... He has no grave site but it is a good recap... It seems Forrest may not have killed him but there are accounts he died at the fort...

 

diane

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@diane

I found this is a recount of Bradford's last hours or days before his death. He buried his brother and escaped but to be caught on the roads I would have been in the bushes traveling... He has no grave site but it is a good recap... It seems Forrest may not have killed him but there are accounts he died at the fort...

You've found a lot! This subject is like so much of Ft Pillow - 2,000 accounts of it and all different. To me, the evidence points to Bradford being killed en route to another command which was under Duckworth. He was a Tennessee Unionist - Tory - and they were particularly disliked. Nor had Bradford's men endeared themselves to the local populace. Forrest said he didn't know what happened between his dispatching Bradford to Duckworth's command and his failure to arrive there, nor did Duckworth know what happened - and he didn't ask many questions, either. Forrest didn't kill him - in fact, he allowed him time to bury his brother. His brother is the Bradford who was killed inside the fort. But, nevertheless, Bradford was 'lost' somewhere between!
 

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Lt. Col. Thomas H. Harris reported that there were 557 men at Fort Pillow. 221 of these were from the 1st Battalion (Companies A, B, C, and D), 6th US Heavy Artillery - but the rolls show these companies having about 300. Where were the other 70 or 80 men?

"The garrison at Fort Pillow, by last reports received..." The numbers are probably from the tri-monthly return of April 10-

harristh.jpg
OR Series 1, Volume 32, Part 1, p.556



This was the garrison at Fort Pillow as of March 31, 1864. The four companies of the 6th Heavy Artillery were ordered to the fort on March 28 and arrived sometime after the 1st of April and so they are not included in this report:

ftpillow31marB2.jpg
ftpillow31mar.jpg
OR Series 1, Volume 32, Part 3, p.210


Fort Pillow Garrison
...................................................................................March 31.......April 10
Bradford's Btn./Co. D, 2nd US Light Art...........329..................336
1st Battalion, 6th US Heavy Art.....................................................221
 
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diane

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So Forrest lost three horses in one day and got injured at Ft Pillow. No wonder he was pissed...

A stray bullet struck Forrest's horse, felling the general and bruising him. This was the first of three horses he lost that day.

Forrest arrived at Fort Pillow at 10 a.m. on April 12. By this time Chalmers had already surrounded the fort. A stray bullet struck Forrest's horse, felling the general, bruising him, and putting him in a disagreeable mood.
Yes, Forrest lost three horses that day - one from a cannonball - but that last one did a lot more. It fell on him and rolled over him, breaking three ribs. Definitely bruised! Head to toe type of bruise. Some accounts have suggested he wasn't hurt much but some accounts from Fallen Timbers said he wasn't hurt much there, either. There, he had a mini ball sitting against his spine and couldn't move his right leg - took two surgeries to remove the bullet. When he came into Confederate lines, the horse collapsed with its rider and the surgeon pronounced both dead! Forrest was tough even by the standards of those days.
 

5fish

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Where were the other 70 or 80 men?
I think that is a question for Dixierifle on your other forum CWT... He knows the data on Ft. Pillow...

Here is his persona;l site...

 

Tom

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I think that is a question for Dixierifle on your other forum CWT... He knows the data on Ft. Pillow...

Here is his persona;l site...

That has a lot of info, but doesn't explain the discrepancy.

***

Was Henderson Van killed at the battle of Fort Pillow?...or did he die in a smallpox hospital?


Van, Henderson (21) (1) (1).jpg


River Run Red, p.407-
VanHenderson1.jpg
 

Tom

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The smallpox epidemic at Memphis:

1707340193629.png


1707340275958.png


"Advices from Memphis...
...The small-pox is still raging with unabated violence."
1707340362377.png
-Cleveland Leader, March 21, 1864


"The small-pox is prevalent, and unusually fatal. There are now about five hundred cases..."
1707340422154.png
-Chicago Daily Tribune, April 5, 1864
 

5fish

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That has a lot of info, but doesn't explain the discrepancy.
I will give you the simplest answer most military reports are never correct or accurate with the numbers in them. This inaccuracy is caused for many reasons sometimes you want your opponent to be bigger than they were, sometimes the report writer is just guessing at the numbers, the information gathered was just wrong, and so forth. You want to parse a few names but we have the graves of the dead and it was a massacre if you read through this thread Forrest and his men were being primed by reports of Union soldiers' bad behavior. Ft. Pillow was a statement to turncoats and black soldiers... I think if the fort had surrendered Booth, Bradford, and many colored troops not sold back into slavery would have gone missing or as they said back then "Lost them"...

The graves...
 

Tom

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I will give you the simplest answer most military reports are never correct or accurate with the numbers in them. This inaccuracy is caused for many reasons sometimes you want your opponent to be bigger than they were, sometimes the report writer is just guessing at the numbers, the information gathered was just wrong, and so forth. You want to parse a few names but we have the graves of the dead and it was a massacre if you read through this thread Forrest and his men were being primed by reports of Union soldiers' bad behavior. Ft. Pillow was a statement to turncoats and black soldiers... I think if the fort had surrendered Booth, Bradford, and many colored troops not sold back into slavery would have gone missing or as they said back then "Lost them"...

The graves...
Article" "They laid wreaths at the graves of 109 Fort Pillow veterans during a ceremony there..."

After the war they exhumed the bodies of those buried at Fort Pillow to be reburied at Memphis. They found only 109 black soldiers.

I checked the names on the rolls and found over 150 survivors. If you add those two numbers you get 259+.

What was the number of USCT reported at the fort? 262 (6th Heavy Artillery-221, 2nd Light Artillery-41).
 

5fish

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More info... Forrest and his men were getting bad press leading up to Ft. Pillow...


Forrest had already withdrawn from the smallpox-ravaged town before the attack, but that did not prevent pro-Northern newspapers from crowing about the comparatively minor skirmish at Forrest’s expense. The Louisville Journal, labeling the Paducah raid an abject failure, charged that Forrest’s men had been “gloriously drunk, and but little better than a mob.” The paper accused the raiders of “commencing an indiscriminate pillage of the houses” before making “several desperate charges” upon the fort. “The Federals met them with a withering fire, and in each onset the rebel columns were broken and driven back in confusion.”

That was bad enough, but the staunchly abolitionist Chicago Tribune leveled the explosive accusation that Forrest’s men had “skedaddled, after killing as many Negroes as they could, which seems to have been their primary object in coming to Paducah.” Even worse in Southern eyes was the newspaper’s provocative claim that Forrest and his men had been “ignominiously beaten back by Negro soldiers with clubbed muskets.” Further rubbing salt into the wound were false reports that Colonel Thompson, a well-liked young officer, had been killed by a musket ball to the forehead fired by “an ardent young African.” (Actually, Thompson was killed by a shell from a Union gunboat.)
 

5fish

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Article" "They laid wreaths at the graves of 109 Fort Pillow veterans during a ceremony there..."

After the war they exhumed the bodies of those buried at Fort Pillow to be reburied at Memphis. They found only 109 black soldiers.

I checked the names on the rolls and found over 150 survivors. If you add those two numbers you get 259+.

What was the number of USCT reported at the fort? 262 (6th Heavy Artillery-221, 2nd Light Artillery-41).
First, you are forgetting Bradford's cavalry battalion and remember white soldiers were massacred too... They moved 248 remains and mostly formed a mass grave... National cemeteries are segregated from that period... Your math is off because the information being used is incomplete...


.

In 1867, about 250 bodies of Union soldiers, some of whom were casualties of the Battle of Fort Pillow in Lauderdale County, were moved from a battlefield cemetery south of Fort Pillow to Memphis National Cemetery to be re-interred in a designated field.[2]



Fort Pillow Massacre USCT dead
On April 12, 1864, the Union Army's Fort Pillow, Tennessee garrison was overrun by Confederate cavalry. Although relatively few men were killed in the initial fighting, a large number of Union soldiers, especially USCT black soldiers, were killed while trying to surrender. Nearly two hundred black soldiers died, most of them on the spot, although seven died in subsequent days from their wounds. A lesser number of white Union soldiers were also killed. Others were taken prisoner and died in captivity. Those who died at Fort Pillow itself were buried in mass graves but, after the war, were re-interred in the Fort Pillow section of the Memphis National Cemetery. Specifically, the 109 graves at locations B1512 and B1523-1630, all marked unknown, are for USCT dead from Fort Pillow. These black soldiers were from the 6th U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery and the 2nd U.S. Colored Light Artillery. Because of the manner of burial, individual soldiers can not be matched to individual graves but those USCT who died on April 12 can, as a group, be matched with the aforementioned group of graves.
 

5fish

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What was the number of USCT reported at the fort? 262 (6th Heavy Artillery-221, 2nd Light Artillery-41).

The events were soon called a "massacre," and the US Congress investigated the reports. At the congressional inquiry, witnesses stated that most of the wounds suffered by Union soldiers targeted the torso and head, while battle wounds usually occurred to the limbs. Of the 300 Union dead, close to 200 were African American. While 70 percent of white soldiers survived, only 35 percent of African American soldiers survived. But the massacre did not deter black troops from serving in the Union Army. "Remember Fort Pillow" became a rallying cry for African American soldiers.

I found this report by the Tennessee government...check page 836 and page 837... click the link...

The Fort Pillow Massacre: A Statistical Note
The Fort Pillow Massacre: A Statistical Note
 

Tom

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First, you are forgetting Bradford's cavalry battalion and remember white soldiers were massacred too... They moved 248 remains and mostly formed a mass grave... National cemeteries are segregated from that period... Your math is off because the information being used is incomplete...
About 60 or 70 of the 248 died at other times. There had been a Union garrison at Fort Pillow since 1862.

"First, you are forgetting Bradford's cavalry battalion..."

No, not forgetting - just concentrating on one unit for now.
 
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