Weather defeated the Mongols...
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5fish
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Here more... Reason why Mongols gave up on Hungary... Remember everyone says mongols stop one invasion because the Mongols had to elect a new leader but Bstu never went back to the Mongol capital...
www.nature.com
No reason is given in the Mongol sources to explain their abrupt departure from Hungary. Following a note in the report made by a papal legate, Friar Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, who visited the court of Güyük Khan in 1246 (successor of Ögödei, r. 1246–1248), many historians for a long time believed, that the Mongol withdrawal (MW) was due to the death of Great Khan Ögödei in December 1241 CE8. The ensuing political upheaval would have forced Batu to halt operations and return to Karakorum, the capital of the empire in Mongolia, to participate in political meetings to elect the new khan. This hypothesis, however, has been challenged on grounds that Batu never went back to Mongolia and instead remained in the southern Russian steppes where he consolidated his power as ruler of the Golden Horde9.
Climatic and environmental aspects of the Mongol withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 CE - Scientific Reports
The Mongol invasion of Eastern Europe and especially its sudden withdrawal from Hungary in 1242 CE, has generated much speculation and an array of controversial theories. None of them, however, considered multifaceted environmental drivers and the coupled analysis of historical reports and...
www.nature.com
No reason is given in the Mongol sources to explain their abrupt departure from Hungary. Following a note in the report made by a papal legate, Friar Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, who visited the court of Güyük Khan in 1246 (successor of Ögödei, r. 1246–1248), many historians for a long time believed, that the Mongol withdrawal (MW) was due to the death of Great Khan Ögödei in December 1241 CE8. The ensuing political upheaval would have forced Batu to halt operations and return to Karakorum, the capital of the empire in Mongolia, to participate in political meetings to elect the new khan. This hypothesis, however, has been challenged on grounds that Batu never went back to Mongolia and instead remained in the southern Russian steppes where he consolidated his power as ruler of the Golden Horde9.
5fish
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The Mongol Bow...
en.wikipedia.org
archeryhistorian.com
Mongol bow - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
Mongol Bow - a key to the military success of Ghengis Khan
Temujin's armies stormed out of Central Asia, wielding their powerful Mongol bow, they carved out the largest land empire the world has ever known.
archeryhistorian.com
5fish
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Mongolian Bow VS English Longbow - Advantages and Drawbacks
Mongolian Bow VS English Longbow. Which bow is better? Both weapons dominated the battlefield in the 12th and 13th centuries (A.D)
archeryhistorian.com
Some composite bows remain in a jig, with their different layers bound together for several months or even years. A longbow can be cut and carved in a single day. Longbows are also not as delicate to maintain and are not as susceptible to the elements like the composite bows. A composite bow will loose it’s energy storing ability faster than a longbow if left strung for extended periods of time. The composite bows must be unstrung and left to relax in order to better maintain their effectiveness. Because the longbow does not use any glues and is made from a single piece of wood, it is not susceptible to humidity and moisture like the Mongolian bow.
Interesting as my Chinese spies in Pittsburgh think they are related to both Chinggis Khan and JP Morgan of Peking University. They tell me they are the children of the Chinese Fat Man Bomb with an office in Detroit and New Mexico. They knew about Fort Myers at the Royal City and the Boxer Rebellion. Both had PhDs from major universities in Pittsburgh. I think they were related to General Curtis LeMay in some way. From the records of CIA Officer Lt John Birch and kin. The West Virginia Rockefellers seem to know them and the LeMay family.
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5fish
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The Changes...
At the heart of the Mongol military supremacy was the composite bow — a marvel of engineering crafted from wood, horn, and sinew. This was no ordinary weapon; it was compact yet powerful, capable of delivering arrows at ranges far exceeding those of their adversaries’ bows. While most contemporary bows had an effective range of about 150 meters, the Mongol composite bow could hit targets accurately at distances up to 300 meters.
At the heart of the Mongol military supremacy was the composite bow — a marvel of engineering crafted from wood, horn, and sinew. This was no ordinary weapon; it was compact yet powerful, capable of delivering arrows at ranges far exceeding those of their adversaries’ bows. While most contemporary bows had an effective range of about 150 meters, the Mongol composite bow could hit targets accurately at distances up to 300 meters.
5fish
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Peck 1259 0r 1294...
en.wikipedia.org
After Möngke Khan died in 1259, rival kurultai councils simultaneously elected different successors, the brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai Khan, who fought each other in the Toluid Civil War (1260–64) and dealt with challenges from the descendants of other sons of Genghis.[4] Kublai successfully took power, but war ensued as he sought unsuccessfully to regain control of the Chagatayid and Ögedeid families. By Kublai's death in 1294, the empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires, each pursuing its own objectives: the Golden Horde khanate in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Ilkhanate in Iran, and the Yuan dynasty in China, based in modern-day Beijing.[5] In 1304, during the reign of Temür, the three western khanates accepted the suzerainty of the Yuan dynasty.[
www.medievalchronicles.com
Mongol Empire - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
After Möngke Khan died in 1259, rival kurultai councils simultaneously elected different successors, the brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai Khan, who fought each other in the Toluid Civil War (1260–64) and dealt with challenges from the descendants of other sons of Genghis.[4] Kublai successfully took power, but war ensued as he sought unsuccessfully to regain control of the Chagatayid and Ögedeid families. By Kublai's death in 1294, the empire had fractured into four separate khanates or empires, each pursuing its own objectives: the Golden Horde khanate in the northwest, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Ilkhanate in Iran, and the Yuan dynasty in China, based in modern-day Beijing.[5] In 1304, during the reign of Temür, the three western khanates accepted the suzerainty of the Yuan dynasty.[
Mongol Empire: 10 Key Events That Shaped Its Rise And Fall
Explore 10 pivotal events that defined the Mongol Empire’s epic rise, unstoppable expansion, and lasting legacy as one of the largest empires in history.
www.medievalchronicles.com
5fish
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Mongol hordes gave up on conquering Europe due to wet weather
Do we have a wet-weather plan? It has mystified historians ever since. After a string of major victories, the Mongol army suddenly retreated from central Europe in 1242. Some scholars claim Mongolian politics forced the withdrawal, while others credit the strength of fortified towns in...
www.newscientist.com
“They were familiar with that environment,” says Di Cosmo. “What they didn’t know is how prone to flooding that particular area was.”
Compared with the rest of the steppe, Hungary has a high water table so it floods easily.
Analysing tree rings in the region, Di Cosmo and his colleagues found that Hungary had a cold, wet winter in early 1242. This probably turned Hungary’s central plain into a huge swamp.
Historical documents the team studied back up this claim, recording, for example, that melting snows kept the Mongol army from attacking a Hungarian castle surrounded by marshes.
Lacking pasture for its horses, the Mongols fell back to drier highlands and then to Russia in search of better grass.
5fish
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It was not the Catholics but these Christians...
Christianity among the Mongols - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org
When the Mongols conquered northern China, establishing the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the Church of the East was reintroduced to China after a gap of centuries. As the Mongols further expanded, the Christian sympathies of the court, primarily through the influential wives of the khans, led to changes in military strategy. During the Mongols' siege of Baghdad (1258), many of the citizens of the city were massacred, but Christians were spared. As the Mongols further encroached upon Palestine, there were some attempts at forming a Franco-Mongol alliance with the Christians of Europe against the Muslims.
Yes indeed, Adolph Hitler thought the Mongols were Lutherans like Jesus Christ. From the records of St Michael's Anglican Catholic Church both in Winchester VA and Winchester England. This Church by historians was a Bronze Age Church out of Rome way before 1066.
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5fish
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Where do you find this tripe...
