Joshism
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From 1810 to 1819 the United States waged an undeclared war with Spain and the Seminoles the resuled in the successful acquisition of that entire territory.
In 1810, American immigrants in the western end of the territory rebelled and formed the Republic of West Florida. Less than three months later, the US annexed that republic into eastern Louisiana.
In 1812, the US unilaterally annexed the Florida territory between the Pearl and Perdido Rivers. This land became the tails of Alabama and Mississippi.
Also in 1812, American immigrants in Florida rebelled (notice a trend? Mexico better watch out with all those Americans moving into Texas!), starting The Patriot War. They were supported by Georgians and initially the US military, although the US had to withdrawal support when the War of 1812 broke out against Britain. The Patriots took Fernandina easily but a siege of St. Augustine failed due to inadequate naval support.
The Seminoles got involved, fighting against Patriot forces. The Black Seminoles were particularly keen to fight, aware Patriot conquest meant US annexation meant their likely return to slavery.
The Patriot War ended mid-1813 with the Patriots either withdrawing to Georgia or taking amnesty offered by the Spanish.
Given that conflict it's not surprising the Spanish didn't mind the British using Pensacola as a base against the US. Andrew Jackson invaded Florida in 1814, capturing Pensacola and driving off the British.
The British also established a fort on the Apalachicola River at Prospect Bluff to harbor escaped slaves and arm Indians. The British left in 1815, turning the fort over to free blacks. The US invaded Florida for the third tine in 1816 to destroy this fort. A hot shot detonated the magazine, killing or fatally wounding most of the 300+ blacks in the fort.
In 1817, the US attacked and destroyed a Seminole village in Georgia near the Florida border. The Seminoles responded by attacking a supply boat, killing most of the passengers (civilians and military).
In response, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida (the fourth invasion in six years) to destroy all the Seminole villages he could find west of the Suwannee River. He also captured and hanged two British citizens he believed were supplying the Seminoles. Jackson also seized the Spanish fort at San Marcos (St. Marks) then captured Pensacola and nearby Fort Barrancas.
The US backpedaled on the full extent of Jackson's actions, but the following year worked out the Adams-Onis Treaty to cede Florida to the US.
In 1810, American immigrants in the western end of the territory rebelled and formed the Republic of West Florida. Less than three months later, the US annexed that republic into eastern Louisiana.
In 1812, the US unilaterally annexed the Florida territory between the Pearl and Perdido Rivers. This land became the tails of Alabama and Mississippi.
Also in 1812, American immigrants in Florida rebelled (notice a trend? Mexico better watch out with all those Americans moving into Texas!), starting The Patriot War. They were supported by Georgians and initially the US military, although the US had to withdrawal support when the War of 1812 broke out against Britain. The Patriots took Fernandina easily but a siege of St. Augustine failed due to inadequate naval support.
The Seminoles got involved, fighting against Patriot forces. The Black Seminoles were particularly keen to fight, aware Patriot conquest meant US annexation meant their likely return to slavery.
The Patriot War ended mid-1813 with the Patriots either withdrawing to Georgia or taking amnesty offered by the Spanish.
Given that conflict it's not surprising the Spanish didn't mind the British using Pensacola as a base against the US. Andrew Jackson invaded Florida in 1814, capturing Pensacola and driving off the British.
The British also established a fort on the Apalachicola River at Prospect Bluff to harbor escaped slaves and arm Indians. The British left in 1815, turning the fort over to free blacks. The US invaded Florida for the third tine in 1816 to destroy this fort. A hot shot detonated the magazine, killing or fatally wounding most of the 300+ blacks in the fort.
In 1817, the US attacked and destroyed a Seminole village in Georgia near the Florida border. The Seminoles responded by attacking a supply boat, killing most of the passengers (civilians and military).
In response, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida (the fourth invasion in six years) to destroy all the Seminole villages he could find west of the Suwannee River. He also captured and hanged two British citizens he believed were supplying the Seminoles. Jackson also seized the Spanish fort at San Marcos (St. Marks) then captured Pensacola and nearby Fort Barrancas.
The US backpedaled on the full extent of Jackson's actions, but the following year worked out the Adams-Onis Treaty to cede Florida to the US.