The Contest for the Forth Industrial Revolution...

5fish

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Here is another step as China rises is the Mega city.....


But china is going a step further and giving us the Megalopolises(A Cluster of cities)


snip... Look at the size in people... of these things...


In China, a City Cluster (Chinese: 城市群; pinyin: Chéngshì Qún) is an officially defined type of megalopolis,[1] whereby government policy is to knit the area together more tightly and promote development through transportation and communication links. The Economist Intelligence Unit in 2012 identified 13 megalopolises: Chang-Zhu-Tan (Greater Changsha), Chengdu, Chongqing, Greater Beijing i.e. Jing-Jin-Ji, Greater Shanghai (incl. Suzhou), Greater Xi'an, Greater Zhengzhou, Greater Guangzhou, Hefei economic circle (incl. Lu'an, Huainan, Chaohu), Shandong Peninsula, Greater Shenyang, Shenzhen and Wuhan.[2]

Up to 2018, there are nine officially approved megalopolises in China. In 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission stated that plans for six city clusters had been completed in 2016, five in 2017, with eight more forthcoming for a total of 19 city cluster plans by 2020. The new city clusters identified in 2017 were Lanzhou-Xining, Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin, Guanzhong Plain, Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area.


Here a cities article... it about economies of scale...

https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/06/WS5e12fe85a310cf3e35582c20_3.html

snip... its all about economies of scale...

The three megalopolises carry increased weight to China's economy, as they account for 8.6 percent, 19.8 percent and 9.0 percent of the national GDP, respectively, which means 37.4 percent combined. The three megalopolises are obviously the pillar of China's economy.

The three megalopolises account for 34.4 percent of the country's total DID population. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis accounts for 7.9 percent of the national DID population, the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis 17.1 percent, and the Pearl River Delta Megalopolis 9.3 percent.

The three megalopolises are home to more than half of the companies listed on the main boards in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong, with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis accounting for 15.9 percent, the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis 28 percent, and the Pearl River Delta Megalopolis 10.3 percent, meaning 54.2 percent combined.

The three megalopolises are home to 80 percent of the country's Chinese enterprises entering the Fortune Global 500 list, with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis 54.3 percent, the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis 14.3 percent, and the Pearl River Delta Megalopolis 11.4 percent

The three major megalopolises account for 67.8 percent of China's exports in goods, with the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis making up 6.2 percent, the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis 32.7 percent, and the Pearl River Delta Megalopolis 28.8 percent. The three megalopolises, especially the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis and the Pearl River Delta, serve as a powerhouse of China's export, and are dubbed the "factory of the world."


The three megalopolises house 71.8 percent of China's IT companies listed on the main boards, and 50.7 percent of China's IT workers. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Megalopolis accounts for 32.5 percent of the national IT companies listed on the main boards, the Yangtze River Delta Megalopolis 24.8 percent, and the Pearl River Delta Megalopolis 14.5 percent.
 

5fish

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Here is the Theory behind China's Cluster cities...


snip...

The basic concept of agglomeration economies is that production is facilitated when there is a clustering of economic activity. The existence of agglomeration economies is central to the explanation of how cities increase in size and population, which places the phenomenon on a larger scale. The concentration of economic activity in cities is one reason for their development and growth.

snip...

When firms form clusters of economic activity, there are particular development strategies that flow in and throughout this area of economic activity. This helps to accumulate information and the flow of new and innovative ideas among firms for the achievement of what economists call increasing returns to scale.

Benefits arise from the spatial agglomeration of physical capital, companies, consumers and workers:[2]
Low transport costs
A great (local) market
A large supply of labor and thus the increased chance of supply and demand for labor, particularly for specialists to compensate for fast matching, lower search costs
The accumulation of knowledge and human capital leads to knowledge spillovers between firms.


Here is a good article about "agglomeration economies” in America...

https://www.incontext.indiana.edu/2020/mar-apr/article1.asp

snip...

Economic developers may or may not be familiar with the term “agglomeration economies” but, more than likely, intuitively understand it. In the economic development sense, it refers to the economic benefits that come when firms locate near each other.

snip...

Here are some key takeaways:
Agglomeration of firms in particular regions is driven by several factors that can be explained by localization—the clustering of similar firms because of geographic advantages, such as access to inputs—and urbanization—the clustering of firms in different industries due to the advantages the cities themselves provide.
Agglomeration benefits regions and residents because industry clusters lead to better job matching, higher wages and greater opportunities for social and civic engagement.
To take advantage of the benefits of agglomeration, economic developers should seek ways to grow clusters that already exist in a region and pursue policies and initiatives that foster a sense of place to attract and maintain a thriving, civically engaged workforce
.

The article has maps and goes into more detail why it a good thing....
 

5fish

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@Tom , I would be worried about China for they are coming on strong... only hope Demographics...
 

5fish

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It seems China has a debt problem

 

5fish

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China has to real estate companies missed their debt payments... it means a world wide recession maybe coming...

 

Wehrkraftzersetzer

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actually we are speaking about (at least) the 8th industrial revolution (oK for the Us it might be the third, but not for the world)
 

Wehrkraftzersetzer

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it means a world wide recession maybe coming
there is always a reason for that

big money gambling
some idiot getting the hickups in a press conference
a moron deciding war is a perfect tool
....
 

"WeAreBoor"

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The leading economies of the world have borrowed over 200 percent of GDP... EU, China, America, and Japan...

.

Taxation is coming... Or the middle-class and poor are going to be cut off of services... I betting on the latter... The plutocrats run the world...
 

5fish

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It seems analog computers... the future...

 
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