RedLining... Blacks out....

5fish

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I found a good article about RedLining... Maps with red lining...


snip...

One of the most heinous of these policies was introduced by the creation of the Federal Housing Administration in 1934, and lasted until 1968. Otherwise celebrated for making homeownership accessible to white people by guaranteeing their loans, the FHA explicitly refused to back loans to black people or even other people who lived near black people. As TNC puts it, "Redlining destroyed the possibility of investment wherever black people lived."

snip...

Black people with upper-middle-class incomes do not generally live in upper-middle-class neighborhoods. Sharkey’s research shows that black families making $100,000 typically live in the kinds of neighborhoods inhabited by white families making $30,000. “Blacks and whites inhabit such different neighborhoods,” Sharkey writes, “that it is not possible to compare the economic outcomes of black and white children.
 

5fish

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Here is an NPR on redlining... read article and feel sick...


Rothstein's new book, The Color of Law, examines the local, state and federal housing policies that mandated segregation. He notes that the Federal Housing Administration, which was established in 1934, furthered the segregation efforts by refusing to insure mortgages in and near African-American neighborhoods — a policy known as "redlining." At the same time, the FHA was subsidizing builders who were mass-producing entire subdivisions for whites — with the requirement that none of the homes be sold to African-Americans

snip...

The government's efforts were "primarily designed to provide housing to white, middle-class, lower-middle-class families," he says. African-Americans and other people of color were left out of the new suburban communities — and pushed instead into urban housing projects.

snip... logic :rolleyes:, false...

The Federal Housing Administration's justification was that if African-Americans bought homes in these suburbs, or even if they bought homes near these suburbs, the property values of the homes they were insuring, the white homes they were insuring, would decline. And therefore their loans would be at risk.

snip...

It was in something called the Underwriting Manual of the Federal Housing Administration, which said that "incompatible racial groups should not be permitted to live in the same communities." Meaning that loans to African-Americans could not be insured.
 

5fish

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rittmeister

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It looks like the Germans are following us @rittmeister and @Wehrkraftzersetzer with housing segregation...

that's four years old and if you look at that doorbell panel: twelve names of which eight are german
 

5fish

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Here is...


On maps from nearly a century ago created by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, immigrant populations were deemed “hazardous.” The presence of black people was a “detrimental influence” or an “infiltration.” In the 1930s, these "residential security" maps served as guidelines for real estate professionals and loan officers. The maps categorized regions across the country that supposedly deserved investment and others that were considered too “risky” for mortgage lenders. The risk was based solely on the racial makeup of a community.
Stark red lines on the maps outline neighborhoods made up of people of color. Green lines mark the “safe” areas of mostly white families. The maps are codified racism.

snip...

Created under the New Deal, The Home Owners' Loan Corporation program was meant to ease the effects of the Great Depression. Yet, these policies destined redlined regions for disinvestment and concentrated poverty. Redlining was followed by other detrimental efforts such as urban renewal, which cleared neighborhoods to construct housing projects and highways, in turn displacing communities of color, once again changing the urban geographical landscape.


snip...

“[Redlining made] skin color and class synonymous with the devaluing of property, reinforcing a perception of the ‘us’ and ‘them,’ De Simone said, “stating [that] if a certain ‘element’ comes in, at all costs, you have to try to keep them out because that's how you'll maximize your value.”


 

5fish

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Here is a Orlando Redlining story... @O' Be Joyful , @jgoodguy , @rittmeister , @Jim Klag , @diane ... There is a video and maps... I live Southeast of downtown Orlando but North of the airport... I


The practice of redlining refers to the practice of controlling where people of color could actually live, by selectively raising prices based on race or ethnic composition. This tactic of racial segregation was practiced across the country in the early part of the century but largely abandoned.
 

diane

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You have an interesting - and usually taboo - topic, going 5fish. The main reason we're able to discuss the particular matters you're addressing is because it was codified - official - which means it was written down. The 'redlining' around Northern California, primarily targeting Indians, was never 'put down in writing'. (Rancherias were totally different so we can leave them off.)

Several years ago the topic of the sundown law in the old home town came up. Everybody swore up and down such a thing never existed and as proof it wasn't on the books. No, it wasn't codified and that makes for deniability - and the illusion of following federal law. Nevertheless - you sure as hell couldn't live wherever you wanted if you were me! Not bad, though, considering the Sacramento Valley and Southern Oregon was worse. In Oregon, it was in their state constitution - no blacks! - until 1996.

The West makes the South at its worst look positively liberal.
 

5fish

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Here is an article the merges Redlining and Urban renewal programs shows the effects of these two and later add in highways...


snip...

This interplay between two separate eras of federal policy is one of the elements that the visualization is most effective at highlighting. Take Chicago. Areas on the city’s south side that were redlined in the 1930s almost directly line up with later urban renewal projects like Hyde Park. And there are implications for urban poverty today, too. “These maps are pretty recognizable when people look at the circumstances of American cities today,” says Robert Nelson, the director of the Digital Scholarship Lab. “It’s not hard to look at these things and see the contours of poverty and wealth that exist over four or five generations.”

snip...

While the federal policy was supposed to either compensate displaced people for their property, aid in their relocation, or place them in public housing, this assistance was often late or never arrived at all. And as cities used federal money to raze entire areas to rebuild, people lost their homes and, more crucially, their communities. Because urban renewal was fundamentally targeted at clearing slums, poor people and people of color were often disproportionately impacted–something the map shows by designating cities with more people of color affected as purple and cities with more white people affected as green.

snip...

The policy did do some good–it brought office buildings, shopping centers, and entertainment centers to cities during the height of white flight to the suburbs. It paid for the likes of New York’s Lincoln Center as well as universities and hospitals. But those who benefited were often wealthier suburbanites. Cities were remade to their liking, leaving us with the car-centric urban areas we have today. And not only that; homeownership became even more concentrated in the hands of white people. “People of color more often than not were directed in public housing and the rental market and white families were incentivized to become homeowners, and that has effects through generations,” Nelson says.
 

5fish

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Was it back lash against the civil rights movement...


At the very moment when the civil rights movement secured voting rights and the desegregation of public and private spaces, the federal government unleashed a program that enabled local officials to simply clear out entire Black neighborhoods.

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That young man was one of millions of Americans, disproportionately of color, who lost homes and communities through the federal urban renewal program. In discussing its human costs—colossal in scope and yet profoundly intimate—Baldwin helped popularize a phrase common in Black neighborhoods: urban renewal meant “Negro removal.” To steal people’s homes, Baldwin understood, was to shred the meaning of their citizenship by destroying their communities. And “the federal government,” he said, “is an accomplice to this fact.

snip...

Yet that program, in operation between 1949 and 1974, constituted one of the most sweeping and systematic instances of the modern destruction of Black property, neighborhoods, culture, community, businesses, and homes. At its peak in the mid-1960s, urban renewal displaced a minimum of 50,000 families annually—a 1964 House of Representatives report estimated the figure at more like 66,000.

snip...

All of these issues were known to federal administrators. As one 1965 report found, thanks to urban renewal, “Nonwhites have been forced into already crowded housing facilities, thereby spreading blight, aggravating ghettoes, and generally defeating the social purpose of urban renewal.” Displaced citizens, another report found, “are faced with having to reconstruct their lives. . . . They must terminate relationships and break routines that—especially for the elderly—have been equated with life itself.” These were connections to tradition, community, and history that the built environment makes manifest—the millions of memories and attachments we make to each other through spaces like street corners and schools, bars and barber shops.

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The transfer of wealth, capital, and land from these communities to large business interests and developers only scratches the surface of the damage done by urban renewal.
 
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