Pilgrims Captured by Muslim Pirates sent into Slavery...

5fish

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Pilgrims were captured and sent into slavery in North Africa. Many white Europeans were captured and sent into slavery by Muslim pirates.

link:http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs155/1108762609255/archive/1115760439870.html

On NOVEMBER 21, 1620 (NS), the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact and began their Plymouth Colony.

Five years later, in 1625, the Pilgrims filled two ships with dried fish and beaver skins and sent them back to England to trade for much-needed supplies.

"The adventurers...sent over two fishing ships...The pinnace was ordered to load with corfish...to bring home to England...and besides she had some 800 lbs. of beaver, as well as other furs, to a good value from the plantation.

The captain seeing so much lading wished to put aboard the bigger ship for greater safety, but Mr. Edward Winslow, their agent in the business, was bound in a bond to send it to London in the small ship...

The captain of the big ship...towed the small ship at his stern all the way over.

So they went joyfully home together and had such fine weather that he never cast her off till they were well within the England channel, almost in sight of Plymouth.

But even there she was unhappily taken by a Turkish man-of-war and carried off to Saller (Morocco), where the captain and crew were made slaves...

Thus all their hopes were dashed and the joyful news they meant to carry home was turned to heavy tidings...

In the big ship Captain Myles Standish...arrived at a very bad time...a plague very deadly in London...

The friendly adventurers were so reduced by their losses last year, and now by the ship taken by the
Turks...that all trade was dead."

Between 1606-1609, Muslim pirates from Algiers captured 466 British and Scottish ships. Giles Milton wrote in White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and North Africa's One Million European Slaves that in 1625, Muslim corsair pirates sailed up the Thames River and raided England.

They attacked the coast of Cornwall, captured 60 villagers at Mount's Bay and 80 at Looe. Muslims took Lundy Island in Bristol Channel and raised the standard of Islam.

By the end of 1625, over 1,000 English subjects were sent to the slave markets of Sale, Morocco.


In 1627, Algerian and Ottoman Muslim pirates, led by Murat Reis the Younger, raided Iceland, carrying into slavery an estimated 400 from the cities of Reykjavik, Austurland and Vestmannaeyjar. One captured girl, who had been made a slave concubine in Algeria, was rescued back by King Christian IV of Denmark.

In 1631, the entire village of Baltimore, Ireland, was captured by Muslim pirates, led by Murat Reis the Younger. Only two ever returned.


This does not even mention the Mediterranean Sea and the enslavement of Europeans...
 

5fish

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I found this little tidbit ...

LINK: https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/mar/11/highereducation.books

North African pirates abducted and enslaved more than 1 million Europeans between 1530 and 1780 in a series of raids which depopulated coastal towns from Sicily to Cornwall, according to new research. His new book, Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800, concluded that 1 million to 1.25 million ended up in bondage.

Villages and towns on the coast of Italy, Spain, Portugal, and France were hardest hit but the raiders also seized people in Britain, Ireland and Iceland. According to one account, they even captured 130 American seamen from ships that they boarded in the Atlantic and Mediterranean between 1785 and 1793.


To keep the slave population stable, around one quarter had to be replaced each year, which for the period 1580 to 1680 meant around 8,500 new slaves per annum, totaling 850,000. The same methodology would suggest 475,000 were abducted in the previous and following centuries.

Dr Earle also cautioned that the picture was clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe and black people from west Africa. "I wouldn't hazard a guess about the total."

According to one estimate, 7,000 English people were abducted between 1622-1644, many of them ships' crews and passengers. But the corsairs also landed on unguarded beaches, often at night, to snatch the unwary.

Almost all the inhabitants of the village of Baltimore, in Ireland, were captured in 1631, and there were other raids in Devon and Cornwall.

Reverend Devereux Spratt recorded being captured by "Algerines" while crossing the Irish sea from Cork to England in April 1641 and in 1661 Samuel Pepys wrote about two men, Captain Mootham and Mr Dawes, who were also abducted.


Snip... the ratio was 12 to 1 ... Europe won the slave ratio...

Although the black Africans enslaved and shipped to North and South America over four centuries outnumbered Prof Davis's estimates of white European taken to Africa by 12-1, it is probable they shared the same grim conditions.

Look @Viper21 , @Tom and @Andersonh1 the ivory towers are with you...

In comments which may stoke controversy, he said that white slavery had been minimised or ignored because academics preferred to treat Europeans as evil colonialists rather than as victims.

While Africans laboured on sugar and cotton plantations the European slaves were put to work in quarries, building sites and galleys and endured malnutrition, disease and maltreatment.

Ruling pashas, entitled to an eighth of all captured Christians, housed them in overcrowded baths known as baños and used them for public works such as building harbors and cutting trees. They were given loaves of black bread and water.

The pasha's female captives were more likely to be regarded as hostages to be bargained for ransom but many worked as attendants in the palace harem while awaiting payment and freedom, which in some cases never came. Some slaves bought by private individuals were well treated and became companions, others were overworked and beaten.

"The most unlucky ended up stuck and forgotten out in the desert, in some sleepy town such as Suez, or in the Turkish sultan's galleys, where some slaves rowed for decades without ever setting foot on shore," said Prof Davis, whose book is published in the US by Palgrave Macmillan.







 

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This is new information to me. Interesting, thanks for sharing. Like I've said before, everyone seems to have dirty hands in the slave trade.
 

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The French began pirates last years of the 1700's... The Quasi-War (French: Quasi-guerre) was an undeclared war fought almost entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800.

Link:https://everything.explained.today/Quasi-War/

During the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic eras, France was plagued by war and crop failures and was desperately in need of supplies. Legally and illegally, French privateers and cruisers took cargo from merchant vessels of every nation, perhaps the United States more than any other. At least 6,479 U.S. claims involving more than 2,300 vessels were filed and these claims give a close approximation of American goods lost to the French. The three main sections of this reference book present a comprehensive accounting of the losses (arranged by ship), descriptions of court cases involving important questions of law, and the disposition of claims. Also included are a glossary, a list of geographical locations mentioned in the text, and an overview of relevant acts of Congress, proclamations, treaties, and foreign decrees.

Snip... Start not paying ones debt...

After the French Monarchy was abolished in September 1792 the United States refused to continue repaying its large debt to France, which had supported it during its own War for Independence. It claimed that the debt had been owed to a previous regime. France was also outraged over the Jay Treaty and that the United States was actively trading with Britain, with whom they were at war. In response France authorized privateers to conduct attacks on American shipping, seizing numerous merchant ships, and ultimately leading the U.S. to retaliate.

The war was called "quasi" because it was undeclared. It involved two years of hostilities at sea, in which both navies and privateers attacked the other's shipping in the West Indies.

First, France authorized privateers to seize U.S. ships trading with Great Britain, and taking them back to port as prizes to be sold. Next, the French government refused to receive Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, the new U.S. Minister, when he arrived in Paris in December 1796, severing diplomatic relations.

Snip...battles...

The U.S. Navy now operated with a battle fleet of about 25 vessels, which patrolled the southern coast of the United States and throughout the Caribbean hunting down French privateers. Captain Thomas Truxtun's focus on crew training paid dividends when the frigate captured the French Navy's frigate L'Insurgente and severely damaged the frigate La Vengeance. French privateers generally resisted, as did, which was captured on 7 July 1798, by outside Egg Harbor, New Jersey.[10]

By 1 July 1799, under the command of Stephen Decatur, had been refitted and repaired and embarked on its mission to patrol the south Atlantic coast and West Indies in search of French ships which were preying on American merchant vessels.[11] also captured eight privateers and freed eleven U.S. merchant ships from captivity, while captured the French privateers Deux Amis and Diane. Numerous U.S. merchantmen were liberated by Experiment. forced the into submission.[12]

In April, 1800 Silas Talbot investigated an increase in merchant ship traffic near Puerto Plata, Santo Domingo, and discovered that the French privateer Sandwich had taken refuge there. On 8 May the squadron captured the sloop Sally, and Talbot devised a plan to capture Sandwich by using the familiarity of Sally to allow the Americans access to the harbor.[13] First Lieutenant Isaac Hull led 90 sailors and Marines into Puerto Plata without challenge on 11 May, capturing Sandwich and spiking the guns of the nearby Spanish fort.[14]

The U.S. Navy lost only one ship to the French, . She was the captured privateer La Croyable, recently purchased by the U.S. Navy. Retaliation departed Norfolk on 28 October 1798, with and, and cruised in the West Indies protecting U.S. commerce. On 20 November 1798, the French frigates L'Insurgente and overtook Retaliation while her consorts were away; commanding officer Lieutenant William Bainbridge surrendered the out-gunned schooner.[15]

Montezuma and Norfolk escaped after Bainbridge convinced the senior French commander that those U.S. warships were too powerful for his frigates, and he should abandon the chase. The French renamed Retaliation as Magicienne, but on 28 June fired a broadside and forced her to haul down her colors, and took the former privateer back into U.S. control.

Revenue cutters in the service of the U.S. Revenue-Marine (the predecessor to the U.S. Coast Guard), also took part in the conflict. The cutter USRC Pickering, commanded by Edward Preble, made two cruises to the West Indies and captured ten prizes. Preble turned command of Pickering over to Benjamin Hillar, who captured the much larger and more heavily armed French privateer lEgypte Conquise after a nine-hour battle. In September 1800, Hillar, Pickering, and her entire crew were lost at sea in a storm. Preble next commanded the frigate, which he sailed around Cape Horn into the Pacific to protect U.S. merchantmen in the East Indies. He recaptured several U.S. ships that had been seized by French privateers.

By late 1800, the United States Navy and the Royal Navy, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the government of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, had reduced the activity of the French privateers and warships. The Convention of 1800, signed on 30 September, ended the Quasi-War. It affirmed the rights of Americans as neutrals upon the sea and abrogated the alliance with France of 1778. However, it failed to provide compensation for the $20,000,000 "French Spoliation Claims" of the United States. The agreement between the two nations implicitly ensured that the United States would remain neutral toward France in the wars of Napoleon and ended the "entangling" French alliance.[22] This alliance had been viable only between 1778 and 1783.[23]
 

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Some odd notes... on Barbary pirates... more details in the link...

LINK:https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/white-slaves-barbary-002171

They have come to be known as the white slaves of Barbary. Slavery is one of the oldest trades known to man. We can first find records of the slave trade dating back to The Code of Hammurabi in Babylon in the 18th century BCE. People from virtually every major culture, civilization, and religious background have made slaves of their own and enslaved other peoples.

While the Barbary slave trade is typically portrayed as Muslim corsairs capturing white Christian victims, this is far too simplistic. In reality, the corsairs were not concerned with the race or religious orientation of those they captured. Slaves in Barbary could be black, brown or white, Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Jewish or Muslim. And the corsairs were not only Muslim; English privateers and Dutch captains also exploited the changing loyalties of an era in which friends could become enemies and enemies friends with the stroke of a pen.

"One of the things that both the public and many scholars have tended to take as given is that slavery was always racial in nature,” said historian Robert Davis, author of Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy . “But that is not true," he added.

Snip.. the end...

Algiers was frequently bombarded by the French, Spanish and Americans, in the early 19th century. Eventually, after an Anglo-Dutch raid in 1816 on Algiers, the corsairs were forced to agree to terms which included a cessation of the practice of enslaving Christians, although slave trading of non-Europeans was allowed to continue. Occasional incidents continued to occur until another British raid on Algiers in 1824, and finally, a French invasion of Algiers in 1830, which placed it under colonial rule. Tunis was similarly invaded by France in 1881. Tripoli returned to direct Ottoman control in 1835, before finally falling into Italian hands in the 1911 Italo-Turkish War. The slave trade finally ceased on the Barbary coast when European governments passed laws granting emancipation to slaves.
 

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Pilgrims were captured and sent into slavery in North Africa. Many white Europeans were captured and sent into slavery by Muslim pirates.

link:http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs155/1108762609255/archive/1115760439870.html

On NOVEMBER 21, 1620 (NS), the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact and began their Plymouth Colony.

Five years later, in 1625, the Pilgrims filled two ships with dried fish and beaver skins and sent them back to England to trade for much-needed supplies.

"The adventurers...sent over two fishing ships...The pinnace was ordered to load with corfish...to bring home to England...and besides she had some 800 lbs. of beaver, as well as other furs, to a good value from the plantation.

The captain seeing so much lading wished to put aboard the bigger ship for greater safety, but Mr. Edward Winslow, their agent in the business, was bound in a bond to send it to London in the small ship...

The captain of the big ship...towed the small ship at his stern all the way over.

So they went joyfully home together and had such fine weather that he never cast her off till they were well within the England channel, almost in sight of Plymouth.

But even there she was unhappily taken by a Turkish man-of-war and carried off to Saller (Morocco), where the captain and crew were made slaves...

Thus all their hopes were dashed and the joyful news they meant to carry home was turned to heavy tidings...

In the big ship Captain Myles Standish...arrived at a very bad time...a plague very deadly in London...

The friendly adventurers were so reduced by their losses last year, and now by the ship taken by the
Turks...that all trade was dead."

Between 1606-1609, Muslim pirates from Algiers captured 466 British and Scottish ships. Giles Milton wrote in White Gold: The Extraordinary Story of Thomas Pellow and North Africa's One Million European Slaves that in 1625, Muslim corsair pirates sailed up the Thames River and raided England.

They attacked the coast of Cornwall, captured 60 villagers at Mount's Bay and 80 at Looe. Muslims took Lundy Island in Bristol Channel and raised the standard of Islam.

By the end of 1625, over 1,000 English subjects were sent to the slave markets of Sale, Morocco.


In 1627, Algerian and Ottoman Muslim pirates, led by Murat Reis the Younger, raided Iceland, carrying into slavery an estimated 400 from the cities of Reykjavik, Austurland and Vestmannaeyjar. One captured girl, who had been made a slave concubine in Algeria, was rescued back by King Christian IV of Denmark.

In 1631, the entire village of Baltimore, Ireland, was captured by Muslim pirates, led by Murat Reis the Younger. Only two ever returned.


This does not even mention the Mediterranean Sea and the enslavement of Europeans...
Interesting that as late as the early 1600's a Turkish( although modern Turkey didn't exist until WW1 ended) could body sail into Ireland and England and do what it ever it pleased.
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rittmeister

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Interesting that as late as the early 1600's a Turkish( although modern Turkey didn't exist until WW1 ended) could body sail into Ireland and England and do what it ever it pleased.
Kirk's Raider's
the english had to worry a lot more about the spaniards and the french and the irish about the english (they had no navy anyway as their oak was used to built the royal navy). ottoman raids were hardly more than a nuisance. just think about the ships and sailors needed to stop these raids let alone the infantry required to end them once and for all. it wasn't just the case that drake had nothing to do after 1588, was it?

... european history tends to be somewhat complicated. when everybody decided on sorting in out for generations to come it got kinda messy (1914-1918) and didn't acchieve much.
 
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There an Island in Bristol Channel that became a pirate haven ...

From... wiki

Lundy Island:
Over the next few centuries, the island was hard to govern. Trouble followed as both English and foreign pirates and privateers – including other members of the Marisco family – took control of the island for short periods. Ships were forced to navigate close to Lundy because of the dangerous shingle banks in the fast flowing River Severn and Bristol Channel, with its tidal range of 27 feet (8.2 m),[24][25] one of the greatest in the world.[26][27] This made the island a profitable location from which to prey on passing Bristol-bound merchant ships bringing back valuable goods from overseas.[28]

In 1627 a group known as the Salé Rovers, from the Republic of Salé occupied Lundy for five years. These Barbary Pirates, under the command of a Dutch renegade named Jan Janszoon, flew an Ottoman flag over the island. Some captured Europeans were held on Lundy before being sent to Algiers to be sold as slaves.[29][30][31][32] From 1628 to 1634 the island was plagued by pirate ships of French, Basque, English and Spanish origin. These incursions were eventually ended by Sir John Penington, but in the 1660s and as late as the 1700s the island still fell prey to French privateers.[33]


Here is one pirate that claimed the Island for awhile:

The Pirate Thomas Salkeld

SALKELD’S COAT OF ARMS

From Lundy Salkeld attacked and captured ships in the Bristol Channel, taking their crew prisoner and pressing them into service. Eventually he commanded a crew of 130 volunteer pirates and prisoners, with “six or seven” ships and numerous small boats. Captives were enslaved, had their heads shaved, and were put to work on the island to fortify it under threat of hanging.

“He is fortifying the place, compelling prisoners to pull down stones out of the rocks to make a platform for his ordnance, and means to build a fort in that place where in times past, by report, there has been a castle. He swears he will never leave the place till the King (James I) pardons his life, and gives him the island for his inheritance… As soon as he takes any prisoner he holds his drawn sword to their belly, saying, “if thou wilt not swear to be true to me and observe my articles, I will presently kill thee.” He means shortly to set up a gallows to execute whom it pleases him.”

Excerpt from a letter from the Earl of Bath to the Privy Council

Salkeld’s antics were of such concern to the merchants of Bristol that the famous pirate hunter Sir William Manson was ordered to fit out the 34 gun HMS Assurance and set sail for Lundy to capture it and Salkeld. In his haste he left before Assurance was ready, in a smaller ship with only 25 men, however in the intervening period one of Salkeld’s captives, a merchant from Bridgewater named George Escott, led a revolt against him and drove him from the island. Escott had lost his ship and goods totaling £500 (over £43,000 today) to Salkeld, and in return for ending Salkeld’s reign of terror over the Bristol he was offered an annual pension of 1s 6d (a little over £6 per year) by James I! Manson set off to hunt down Salkeld, but he had joined the crew of another local pirate, Peter Easton, who threw him overboard and left him for dead following an argument. Salkeld’s period ruling Lundy as its pirate King was brief, but colourful.

 

Kirk's Raider's

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Some odd notes... on Barbary pirates... more details in the link...

LINK:https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/white-slaves-barbary-002171

They have come to be known as the white slaves of Barbary. Slavery is one of the oldest trades known to man. We can first find records of the slave trade dating back to The Code of Hammurabi in Babylon in the 18th century BCE. People from virtually every major culture, civilization, and religious background have made slaves of their own and enslaved other peoples.

While the Barbary slave trade is typically portrayed as Muslim corsairs capturing white Christian victims, this is far too simplistic. In reality, the corsairs were not concerned with the race or religious orientation of those they captured. Slaves in Barbary could be black, brown or white, Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Jewish or Muslim. And the corsairs were not only Muslim; English privateers and Dutch captains also exploited the changing loyalties of an era in which friends could become enemies and enemies friends with the stroke of a pen.

"One of the things that both the public and many scholars have tended to take as given is that slavery was always racial in nature,” said historian Robert Davis, author of Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy . “But that is not true," he added.

Snip.. the end...

Algiers was frequently bombarded by the French, Spanish and Americans, in the early 19th century. Eventually, after an Anglo-Dutch raid in 1816 on Algiers, the corsairs were forced to agree to terms which included a cessation of the practice of enslaving Christians, although slave trading of non-Europeans was allowed to continue. Occasional incidents continued to occur until another British raid on Algiers in 1824, and finally, a French invasion of Algiers in 1830, which placed it under colonial rule. Tunis was similarly invaded by France in 1881. Tripoli returned to direct Ottoman control in 1835, before finally falling into Italian hands in the 1911 Italo-Turkish War. The slave trade finally ceased on the Barbary coast when European governments passed laws granting emancipation to slaves.
Good information. By no means is the slave trade over its very much alive. Slavery is illegal but openly practiced in Mauritania which unlike the Confederacy has formal diplomatic relations with many countries.
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There an Island in Bristol Channel that became a pirate haven ...

From... wiki

Lundy Island:
Over the next few centuries, the island was hard to govern. Trouble followed as both English and foreign pirates and privateers – including other members of the Marisco family – took control of the island for short periods. Ships were forced to navigate close to Lundy because of the dangerous shingle banks in the fast flowing River Severn and Bristol Channel, with its tidal range of 27 feet (8.2 m),[24][25] one of the greatest in the world.[26][27] This made the island a profitable location from which to prey on passing Bristol-bound merchant ships bringing back valuable goods from overseas.[28]

In 1627 a group known as the Salé Rovers, from the Republic of Salé occupied Lundy for five years. These Barbary Pirates, under the command of a Dutch renegade named Jan Janszoon, flew an Ottoman flag over the island. Some captured Europeans were held on Lundy before being sent to Algiers to be sold as slaves.[29][30][31][32] From 1628 to 1634 the island was plagued by pirate ships of French, Basque, English and Spanish origin. These incursions were eventually ended by Sir John Penington, but in the 1660s and as late as the 1700s the island still fell prey to French privateers.[33]


Here is one pirate that claimed the Island for awhile:

The Pirate Thomas Salkeld

SALKELD’S COAT OF ARMS

From Lundy Salkeld attacked and captured ships in the Bristol Channel, taking their crew prisoner and pressing them into service. Eventually he commanded a crew of 130 volunteer pirates and prisoners, with “six or seven” ships and numerous small boats. Captives were enslaved, had their heads shaved, and were put to work on the island to fortify it under threat of hanging.

“He is fortifying the place, compelling prisoners to pull down stones out of the rocks to make a platform for his ordnance, and means to build a fort in that place where in times past, by report, there has been a castle. He swears he will never leave the place till the King (James I) pardons his life, and gives him the island for his inheritance… As soon as he takes any prisoner he holds his drawn sword to their belly, saying, “if thou wilt not swear to be true to me and observe my articles, I will presently kill thee.” He means shortly to set up a gallows to execute whom it pleases him.”

Excerpt from a letter from the Earl of Bath to the Privy Council

Salkeld’s antics were of such concern to the merchants of Bristol that the famous pirate hunter Sir William Manson was ordered to fit out the 34 gun HMS Assurance and set sail for Lundy to capture it and Salkeld. In his haste he left before Assurance was ready, in a smaller ship with only 25 men, however in the intervening period one of Salkeld’s captives, a merchant from Bridgewater named George Escott, led a revolt against him and drove him from the island. Escott had lost his ship and goods totaling £500 (over £43,000 today) to Salkeld, and in return for ending Salkeld’s reign of terror over the Bristol he was offered an annual pension of 1s 6d (a little over £6 per year) by James I! Manson set off to hunt down Salkeld, but he had joined the crew of another local pirate, Peter Easton, who threw him overboard and left him for dead following an argument. Salkeld’s period ruling Lundy as its pirate King was brief, but colourful.
If one Goggles" slavery today" one could argue there is far more slavery today then in the past. Three of the main slavery nations China,India and Pakistan are nuclear powers . All nations with slaves except North Korea have formal relations
with the US.
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5fish

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Three of the main slavery nations China, India, and Pakistan are nuclear powers
Is modern slavery just state sponsor police state... The Capitalist enslavers like the sex slaves and the mining industry of slavery bt what of work were you tried badly is that not slavery... In a sense you can get rid of the open slave trade but there are always cracks where it can hide...
 

Kirk's Raider's

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Is modern slavery just state sponsor police state... The Capitalist enslavers like the sex slaves and the mining industry of slavery bt what of work were you tried badly is that not slavery... In a sense you can get rid of the open slave trade but there are always cracks where it can hide...[/QUOTE
Modern slavery is more complex then that. Some people are enslaved by their government and forced to where needed such has factories engaged in export I.E. China.
Some are enslaved by terrorists such has ISIS and Boko Haram. Some people are enslaved by private employers including some in the US. The sex trade uses slavery and more often than not with the right connections it's not a problem for the exploiters.
Slavery will always be with us.
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5fish

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There was even older Arab slave trade-in eastern Africa... The info is from Wiki... too much to post but I tried to give you an idea of its scope... check the link...

LINK:
Arab slave trade - Wikipedia

The Arab trade of Zanj (Bantu) slaves in Southeast Africa is one of the oldest slave trades, predating the European transatlantic slave trade by 700 years.[8][13][47] Male slaves were often forced to work as servants, soldiers, or laborers by their owners, while female slaves, including those from Africa, were long traded to the Middle Eastern countries and kingdoms by Arab and Oriental traders as concubines and servants. Arab, African and Oriental[dubiousdiscuss] traders were involved in the capture and transport of slaves northward across the Sahara desert and the Indian Ocean region into the Middle East, Persia and the Far East

The Arab slave trade is a name used to refer to the intersection of slavery and trade surrounding the Arab world and Indian Ocean, mainly in Western and Central Asia, Northern and Eastern Africa, India, and Europe.[1][2] This barter occurred chiefly between the medieval era and the early 20th century. The trade was conducted through slave markets in these areas, with the slaves captured mostly from Africa's interior,[3] Southern and Eastern Europe,[4][5][6] the Caucasus, and Central Asia.

Walter Rodney argues that the term Arab Slave Trade is a historical misnomer since bilateral trade agreements between myriad ethnic groups across the proposed 'Zanj trade network' characterized much of the acquisition process of chattel, and more often than not indentured servants.[7] He alternatively refers to it as the East African slave trade or the Indian Ocean slave trade. The East African slave trade network was later dominated by European colonial traders by the 18th and 19th centuries, when the destinations of most East African slaves were plantation colonies owned by Europeans.[2]

Some historians assert that as many as 17 million people were sold into slavery on the coast of the Indian Ocean, the Middle East, and North Africa, and approximately 5 million African slaves were transported by Muslim slave traders via
Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara desert to other parts of the world between 1500 and 1900.[10]

Slave labor in East Africa was drawn from the Zanj, Bantu peoples that lived along the East African coast.[8][13] The Zanj were for centuries shipped as slaves by Arab traders to all the countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs recruited many Zanj slaves as soldiers and, as early as 696, there were revolts of Zanj slave soldiers in Iraq.[14] A 7th-century Chinese text mentions ambassadors from Java presenting the Chinese emperor with two Seng Chi (Zanj) slaves as gifts in 614, and 8th- and 9th-century chronicles mention Seng Chi slaves reaching China from the Hindu kingdom of Sri Vijaya in Java.[14

During the Middle Ages, the main regions from where slaves were transported to Muslim lands were Central Europe asides from Central Asia and Bilad as-Sudan. Slaves of Northwestern Europe were also favoured. This slave trade was controlled mostly by Western slave traders. The Slavs captured by Christians were sent to Muslim lands like Spain and Egypt through France and Venice. Prague served as a major centre for castration of Slavic captives.[23][24] Emirate of Bari also served as an important port for trade of such slaves.[25] After the Byzantine Empire and Venice blocked Arab merchants from European ports, they started importing in slaves from Caucasus and Caspian Sea.[26]


The Arab slave trade was well know back in its day... in Eastern Africa and the Caucasus ...
 

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Here is Africa before there was Trans Atlantic Slave Trade... thr link is a good slavery reference site...


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Slavery was prevalent in many West and Central African societies before and during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. When diverse African empires, small to medium-sized nations, or kinship groups came into conflict for various political and economic reasons, individuals from one African group regularly enslaved captives from another group because they viewed them as outsiders. The rulers of these slaveholding societies could then exert power over these captives as prisoners of war for labor needs, to expand their kinship group or nation, influence and disseminate spiritual beliefs, or potentially to trade for economic gain. Though shared African ethnic identities such as Yoruba or Mandinka may have been influential in this context, the concept of a unified black racial identity, or of individual freedoms and labor rights, were not yet meaningful.

snip... wealth!

West and Central African elites and royalty from slaveholding societies even relied on their kinship group, ranging from family members to slaves, to secure and maintain their wealth and status. By controlling the rights of their kinship group, western and central African elites owned the products of their labor. In contrast, before the trans-Atlantic trade, western European elites focused on owning land as private property to secure their wealth. These elites held rights to the products produced on their land through various labor systems, rather than owning the laborers as chattel property. In contrast, land in rural western and central African regions (outside of densely populated or riverine areas) was often open to cultivation, rather than divided into individual landholdings, so controlling labor was a greater priority. The end result in both regional systems was that elites controlled the profits generated from products cultivated through laborers and land. The different emphasis on what or whom they owned to guarantee rights over these profits shaped the role of slavery in these regions before the trans-Atlantic trade.

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As the trans-Atlantic slave trade with Europeans expanded from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, however, both non-slaveholding and slaveholding West and Central African societies experienced the pressures of greater demand for enslaved labor. In contrast to the chattel slavery that later developed in the New World, an enslaved person in West and Central Africa lived within a more flexible kinship group system. Anyone considered a slave in this region before the trans-Atlantic trade had a greater chance of becoming free within a lifetime; legal rights were generally not defined by racial categories; and an enslaved person was not always permanently separated from biological family networks or familiar home landscapes.
 
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