Helen Hunt Jackson... First Native American Activists...

5fish

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Helen Hunt Jackson wrote a book in 1881 about the plight of American Indians...

In 1881, Helen Hunt Jackson published her stirring protest against American mistreatment of the Indians, A Century of Dishonor.


A fiery and prolific writer, Jackson engaged in heated exchanges with federal officials over the injustices committed against the Ponca and other American Indian tribes. Among her special targets was U.S. Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz, whom she once called "the most adroit liar I ever knew."[14] She exposed the government's violation of treaties with American Indian tribes. She documented the corruption of US Indian agents, military officers, and settlers who encroached on and stole reserved Indian lands.

Snip...

Jackson wrote a book, the first published under her own name, in which she condemned state and federal Indian policies. She recounted a history of broken treaties. A Century of Dishonor (1881) called for significant reform in government policy toward Native Americans.[16] Jackson sent a copy to every member of Congress with a quote from Benjamin Franklin printed in red on the cover: "Look upon your hands: they are stained with the blood of your relations.

This links tells more about her early life...


On this day in 1830, an Amherst College professor and his wife rejoiced at the safe delivery of their second child, Helen Maria Fiske. A lifelong friend of Emily Dickinson and a talented poet in her own right, Helen Fiske Hunt Jackson would become one of the most admired and prolific authors of her time. Her poems, essays, travel sketches, and children's stories were widely published in the 1860s. On a visit to Boston in 1879, she heard an Indian chief speak about the injustices his people had suffered at the hands of the U.S. government. Never before involved in reform, Jackson was moved to action. She became a crusader for Indian rights and devoted the rest of her life to the cause.

Snip...

Influenced by the immense success and power of her friend Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, Jackson returned to writing fiction. Her 1884 classic Ramona, a romantic novel about a half-Native American, half-Spanish woman and her Native American husband, was a popular and critical success, but it did little to change public attitudes towards Indians. Hunt was only 55 when she died in 1885. Had she lived, she would no doubt have been disappointed that the book's greatest impact may have been to draw tourists to the southern California Missions where it was set. Hollywood used the novel as the basis of at least four films between 1910 and 1936. However, in the long run, her work did serve as an influence to others interested in Native American rights.
 

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Ramona!

 

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The book comes in many covers...


1601849802459.png

One of the greatest ethical novels of the nineteenth century, this is a tale of true love tested. Set in Old California, this powerful narrative richly depicts the life of the fading Spanish order, the oppression of tribal American communities and inevitably, the brutal intrusion of white settlers. Ramona, an illegitimate orphan, grows up as the ward of the overbearing Senora Moreno. But her desire for Alessandro, a Native American, makes her an outcast and fugitive...
 

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Here a book story...


Soon Colorado College’s Tutt Library may be known across the country, perhaps even the world, for its groundbreaking environmental capabilities. But when it comes to its basic function as a facility for study and knowledge, it’s already known across the world for a very special reason: holding the most complete collection of letters, diaries, and personal papers from author/activist Helen Hunt Jackson. Add to that “just about every edition of ‘Ramona’ that’s ever been published — and it’s been continually in print since 1884 to today,” says Special Collections Curator and Archivist Jessy Randall, and it’s understandable why researchers from across the globe make time to trek to Colorado College.

Jackson moved to Colorado Springs in 1873 for her health. Her first husband, U.S. Army Captain Edward Bissell Hunt, and their two sons had died, and, while in Colorado Springs, she met, and eventually married William S. Jackson. (Randall notes that while today she is often known as Helen Hunt Jackson, she never would have referred to herself that way: “That’s two married names. She would have been either Helen Hunt or Helen Jackson.”)
 

5fish

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I found the Indian that inspired her... read why she wrote Ramona...


In 1873, she went west to Colorado Springs to seek treatment for tuberculosis. There, she met and married town founder William Sharpless Jackson, Sr., a railroad executive and banker.

She continued writing and found enduring inspiration while visiting Boston in 1879. Helen attended a speech by the Ponca chief Standing Bear, who had recently won his freedom in federal court, setting the precedent that Indians are in fact persons protected by the U.S. Constitution (Standing Bear v. Crook).

As the chief recounted the hardships inflicted on his people by white settlers and federal authorities, Helen resolved to crusade for the rights of Native Americans.

She devoted herself to researching and documenting the entire catalog of crimes against the Indians, past and present, from massacres and lawless land grabs by white settlers to the broken treaties, abuses and exploitation perpetrated by corrupt Army and Indian Bureau officials.


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Chief Standing Bear of the Ponca

Despite some gratifying reviews, Century of Dishonor did not sell well at first and had little immediate impact on public opinion.

Then and now, people prefer to read fiction. Helen had seen how Harriett Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin had helped turned the northern public against slavery, so she decided to write an equivalent novel for Native Americans. In Ramona (1884), she spun a melodramatic tale of an Indian maiden in the context of actual oppressions endured by the Indians of southern California under Mexican rule.
 

diane

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Standing Bear vs Crook is a very interesting case! It established that Indians were persons recognized under the US Constitution...not that it changed much! Carl Schurz - busy fellow, that!

It's admirable that Helen Hunt Jackson took up for Natives - we couldn't do a heck of a lot by then - but ironic that she was married to a railroad man. The railroads were devastating.

Our friend Crook was always between a rock and a hard place with us - he encouraged the lawsuit against himself! Followed his orders but saw the wrong of it.
 

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Look what I found "Drain the Swamp" and its first usage... by none other than topic of this thread...


It has been used as a metaphor by: Helen Hunt Jackson (1830–1885) who wrote that to "clear the swamp" (the first obvious step to reclaiming "poisonous and swampy wilderness") was an apt metaphor for how to start addressing "the disgrace to us of the present condition of our Indians."

snip... D C is built on a swamp...

Progress came slowly, as the land in question refused to coöperate. Pierre Charles L’Enfant, the brilliant French draftsman hired to work out the details, complained that the land was “swampy.” In Jefferson’s sketch, there are signs of the trouble to come: low soundings for the shallow Potomac and a “Mud Bank” not far away from the federal city. The water was often brackish; a few years earlier, in 1785, George Washington had written a letter praising the Potomac for precisely this reason (“the bed of the Potomac before my door, contains an inexhaustable fund of manure”). That was helpful to farmers, but less so to government employees.

Snip... Benito Mussolini used the term...


"He initiated a campaign to 'drenare la palude' ('drain the swamp') by firing more than 35,000 civil servants," Albright wrote.

Snip...

The first person to apply the term to politics was a Democrat. "Socialists are not satisfied with killing a few of the mosquitoes which come from the capitalist swamp," Winfield E. Gaylord wrote in 1903. "They want to drain the swamp."
 

diane

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Oh, that's rich, 5fish! :D Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Original Swamp. You earned your doughnut and coffee for sure!
 

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Here is 20 Native American women. We all should know and some became warrior chiefs...

 
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5fish

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@diane ... I think I found the first activist for Indigenous people...


Bartolomé de las Casas (US: /lɑːs ˈkɑːsəs/ lahs KAH-səs; Spanish: [baɾtoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas] (listen); 11 November 1484[1] – 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish landowner, friar, priest, and bishop, famed as a historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman then became a Dominican friar and priest. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. He described the atrocities committed by the colonizers against the indigenous peoples.[2]

https://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1120.html

Bartolomé de Las Casas, the Spanish priest, historian and advocate for Native American rights, was born in Seville. As a young man, he practiced law for a short time, but, like so many other enterprising young men of his day, he went to the New World in search of new opportunities. He served as a soldier and public official at various places in the West Indies and was rewarded for his efforts with an encomienda, a royally-granted landed estate with full authority over the native residents.
Bartolomé de Las Casas
In 1512 or 1513, Las Casas was ordained a Roman Catholic priest, probably the first to receive holy orders in the Western Hemisphere. In 1514, he gave up his encomienda in response to his growing concerns about the treatment of Indians in Spanish America. From 1520 to 1522, Las Casas tried unsuccessfully to establish new settlements where white farmers would live in complete equality with the natives. In 1523, Las Casas joined the Dominican order and withdrew from public events for several years. His consuming task during that period was to write the History of the Indies (published posthumously), a monumental rendition of the Spanish conquest. Part history and part prophecy, Las Casas' chronicle of Spanish misdeeds was intended for future generations to be an explanation of Spain's punishment by God, which he felt certain would happen. Still deeply concerned about the Indians' plight, Las Casas went back to Spain in 1540 where he spearheaded a drive to reform laws that regulated relations between the races. The so-called “New Laws” were adopted in 1542, which mandated the protection of certain Indian rights and the abolition of slavery. In 1544, Las Casas returned to New Spain as the Bishop of Chiapas (then in northern Guatemala, but later part of southern Mexico). His efforts to enforce the New Laws were met with stiff resistance by many colonists. For the final time, Las Casas returned to Spain in 1547. He spent his remaining years in the pursuit of justice for American natives, primarily through publication of pamphlets and presentation of petitions to the Crown. One of Las Casas' most influential writings was the Brief Report on the Destruction of the Indians (1542). This recapitulation of the conquistadors' excesses was widely distributed, but was criticized then and in later years by those who thought the author had grossly exaggerated. Las Casas’ writing became popular in England and other nations then struggling with Spain for supremacy in the New World. Greedy Englishmen eagerly cited Spanish brutality as an excuse to seek control of their opponent’s holdings. Las Casas’ writings enjoyed renewed popularity during the 19th century when they were cited by nationalists who sought independence from Spain.
 
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