Conquering for Peace and Wealth...

5fish

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Pax China is coming...


The essence of this new reality is captured by the unstoppable rise of China, which has defied all efforts to contain its growing technological edge, limit the expansion of its military reach and suffer the consequences of curbing the freedoms of its citizens. Not only, has China broken free of the normative and strategic restraints of the old post-colonial order, but it has forced the former colonial powers for the first time to shape policies and trade deals that serve China-dominated Asian ends, rather than the other way around.

snip...

To listen to the panicked foreign policy establishment in the U.S. and some European countries, the prospect of a world dominated by the Chinese Communist Party looms large

Snip...

Asia's response to the pandemic was palpably more effective. Economically weak and -- for the first time since the end of World War II -- unsure of the integrity of a common democratic political culture because of the loss of American leadership, the western powers that have set the parameters of global governance and trade since 1945, have simply lost their legitimacy as guardians of the way the world should work.
 

5fish

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PAX CHINA...


snip...

Babies born in North America and Western Europe in the second half of the 20th century were the equivalent of lottery winners, in contrast to their counterparts in Latin America, Africa and Asia.

But the rapid rise in China’s incomes over the last three decades is threatening that relative position, reshaping the distribution of consumption, energy flows, trade, investment, travel, and military spending.

For workers, voters, and policymakers in North America and Western Europe the changing balance of income, consumption and power is fuelling a sense of “decline” and sharp disagreements over how best to respond


snip... decline is inevitable


First-move advantages do not last forever, as Britain discovered, and the country was bound to weaken relative to other countries as they became more successful.

“Even if the UK had the most efficient workers, the most ruthless entrepreneurs, the most inventive engineers, it would still have declined relatively,”
the economic historian David Edgerton wrote.

Nonetheless, the political and intellectual elite became obsessed with trying to identify the sources of national decline and how to fix them


snip...

In the United States, gross national income per person increased by 56% in real terms between 1990 and 2018, but China’s increased by 960%, from a very much lower base.

In 1990, U.S. gross national income per person was 70 times higher than China’s in dollar terms, and almost 25 times higher once adjusted for differences in national price levels.

By 2019, U.S. gross national income per person was still six times higher than China’s in dollar terms, and four times higher at purchasing power parity (“World development indicators”, World Bank, 2020)


snip...

“Unlike economic competition ... political competition may degenerate into military expansion, war and destruction, which may negate any possible beneficial effects of political competition. There is thus clearly a subtle optimum point between the advantages and the hazards of competition between states.”

The challenge is how to prevent competition - over relative incomes and position in the balance of power - from turning into military confrontation, with each competitor fearing for its survival.

In the past, the rapid rise of one country's economic and military power relative to a dominant incumbent has often led to armed conflict
 

Leftyhunter

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You know there are moments in history were the conquers, the Hegemonic power of the day brought peace to much of the world, they conquered. It seems conquering brings peace and prosperity to the conquered . Here are two periods: Pax Romana and Pax Mongolica ... It seems maybe the world needs one nation to rule them all for peace to create wealth for all. We were all born into the Pax Americana for it was the world greatest time of wealth creation throughout the world...
Pax Romana - Wikipedia

The Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman Peace") is a roughly 200-year-long period in Roman history which is identified with increased and sustained inner hegemonial peace and stability (though not meaning without wars, expansion and revolts). It is traditionally dated as commencing from the accession of Caesar Augustus, founder of the Roman principate, in 27 BC and concluding in 180 AD with the death of Marcus Aurelius, the last of the "good emperors".[1] Since it was inaugurated by Augustus with the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic, it is sometimes called the Pax Augusta. During this period of approximately two centuries,[2] the Roman Empire achieved its greatest territorial extent and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million people.[3] According to Cassius Dio, the dictatorial reign of Commodus, later followed by the Year of the Five Emperors and the crisis of the third century, marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust".

Pax Mongolica - Wikipedia

The Pax Mongolica (Latin for "Mongol Peace"), less often known as Pax Tatarica[1] ("Tatar Peace"), is a historiographical term modelled after the original phrase Pax Romana which describes the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries. The term is used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create and the period of relative peace that followed the Mongols' vast conquests.

The conquests of Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) and his successors, spanning from Southeast Asia to Eastern Europe, effectively connected the Eastern world with the Western world. The Silk Road, connecting trade centres across Asia and Europe, came under the sole rule of the Mongol Empire. It was commonly said that "a maiden bearing a nugget of gold on her head could wander safely throughout the realm".[2][3] Despite the political fragmentation of the Mongol Empire into four khanates (Yuan dynasty, Golden Horde, Chagatai Khanate and Ilkhanate), nearly a century of conquest and civil war was followed by relative stability in the early 14th century. The end of the Pax Mongolica was marked by the disintegration of the khanates and the outbreak of the Black Death in Asia which spread along trade routes to much of the world in the mid-14th century.


Pax Americana - Wikipedia

Pax Americana[1][2][3] (Latin for "American Peace", modeled after Pax Romana and Pax Britannica) is a term applied to the concept of relative peace in the Western Hemisphere and later the world beginning around the middle of the 20th century, thought to be caused by the preponderance of power enjoyed by the United States.[4] Although the term finds its primary utility in the latter half of the 20th century, it has been used with different meanings and eras, such as the post-Civil War era in North America,[5] and regionally in the Americas at the start of the 20th century. Pax Americana is primarily used in its modern connotations to refer to the peace among great powers established after the end of World War II in 1945, also called the Long Peace. In this modern sense, it has come to indicate the military and economic position of the United States in relation to other nations. For example, the Marshall Plan, which spent $13 billion to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, has been seen as "the launching of the pax americana"
Not so sure about the wealth and peace part .The US has had a serious homeless and crime problem for forty odd years. It's getting worse now plus we are not that far from a Civil War.
Leftyhunter
 

Leftyhunter

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Or, yes there has been learning from history. Social Studies have been ongoing in recent decades and with increasing neutrality. Anymore the democracy of Internet and instant communications forecloses that.

Slavery is no longer readily accepted in any major nation, while cannibalism and human religious sacrifice are no longer accepted anywhere in the world (designated criminal behavior everywhere). The 19th-century variations of democracy have proven remarkably sturdy, beneficial and flexible on behalf of their constituents -- the common people -- the Democratic Republic of the U.S. well within that mode. Let's notice how many from other places want to be American citizens.

So none of it's perfect yet, but it's far from not having learned from history at all. Calm down.
Turkey and Lebanon have more forigeners per capita living among them in a per capita basis then the US mist likely the same goes for Germany. People go where it's most practical to get to.
Leftyhunter
 

5fish

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far from a Civil War.
I do not believe 40year old white men will start a civil war. Them rioters at the Capital have all come willingly when the police come calling for them. I have not heard about any shot outs yet with the police. The talk of civil war is more bark than bite...
 

Leftyhunter

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I do not believe 40year old white men will start a civil war. Them rioters at the Capital have all come willingly when the police come calling for them. I have not heard about any shot outs yet with the police. The talk of civil war is more bark than bite...
The Repubican Party knows it can't win free and fair elections that's why it is betting massively on voter supression. When that doesn't work there is no alternative but to violence. Only time will tell for sure. Forty year olds have fought in many a war.
Leftyhunter
 

5fish

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Here is Pax Russica... Russia keeps its sphere in peace... for how long...


Pax russica perceptions “Putin has no ideology” (Obama, 2014)
1. Communism didn’t work
2. The breakup of the Soviet Union was the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century (April, 2005)
3. Russia’s is betrayed by the West (NATO and EU expansion), (Munich speech, 2007)
4. Russia is not safe unless every immediate neighbor connected to it Pax russica perceptions
5. Russia is a self-sufficient country. Society consolidation is a primary goal (Valdai speech, October 2014)
6. Sacred duty to protect – not only Russian citizens – but ethnic Russians or Russian language speakers, all over the world.
7. Spirituality as a unique Russian genetic code as resistance to the “Corrupted Perverted West” 8. Revenge for the defeat WWIII/Cold war

H
ere is Pax Russica in the Middle East...


Nowadays, it is widely perceived that Russia can succeed where the West has failed and that it can stabilise the Middle East and North Africa through some kind of pax russica. In less than two years, a mix of decisive actions, unwavering and often ruthless use of military power, as well as bold political-diplomatic manoeuvring have given Moscow new prominence. Russia has managed to regain, at least in part, its role as a powerful interlocutor, which it lost after the fall of the Soviet Union. In the process, it has fostered relationships with key countries in the region and closed lucrative arms sales deals.


Here is a "what if"... When Pax Russica ends means war...

 

5fish

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Empire? In effect, yes. We have a military presence in many countries. Pax Americana
You are right we did live in Pax Americana but it may be coming to an end...
 

5fish

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Here is another moment in History where Pax was achieved by an empire... It was called The Pax Assyriaca ...


The Pax Assyriaca (Latin for "Assyrian peace") was a relatively long period of peace in the Neo-Assyrian Empire during the 7th century (c. 700–630/620 BC).[1] The term was coined in parallel to Pax Romana. The Neo Assyrian Empire is notorious for its use of brute force to expand and maintain an empire after the Dark Ages of around 911–600 BC.[2] However, their rule brought around a time period known as the Pax Assyriaca (700–620 BC). During this time the Neo Assyrian Empire achieved its highest point of success, ranging from Egypt to the West, to the Persian Gulf in the East, and most of the Central Mediterranean area. The economic, political, ideological, and militant development during this period had lasting effects on the events even after the demise of the Assyrian Empire.
 

5fish

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Did you not like how much it takes to keep carriers at sea. Our pilots get twice the hours in the air as Chinese or Russian... Like the principal of "overmatch"... List of voids the military fills to promote trade and humanitarian aid.
 

5fish

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We need to know where the Romans came up with Pax...


Pax worship peaked during Augustus Caesar’s reign and the early empire. Augustus introduced Pax as a way to stabilise his reign and to signal to the populace that the previous years of civil war and turmoil that was linked to the decay and fall of the republic had ended and that his reign had bought peace and direction to the ravaged empire.[8]
 

5fish

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Here: China led periods of peace called Pax Sinica... Its seems China had 5 periods of Pax Sinica...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_Sinica

Pax Sinica (Latin for "Chinese peace"; simplified Chinese: 中华治世; traditional Chinese: 中華治世; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Zhìshì) is a historiographical term referring to periods of peace and stability in East Asia,[1] Northeast Asia,[2] Southeast Asia,[1] and Central Asia[3] led by China. A study on the Sinocentric world system reveals that the multiple periods of Pax Sinica, when taken together, amounted to a length of approximately two thousand years.[4]

The first Pax Sinica of the Eastern world emerged during the rule of the Han dynasty and coincided with the Pax Romana of the Western world led by the Roman Empire.[5][6] It stimulated long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history.[6] Both the first Pax Sinica and the Pax Romana eroded at circa AD 200.[6]

A resurgence of this term has happened in recent years, especially after 2010. The rapid rise of the People's Republic of China is seen by some analysts as a possible return to Pax Sinica, as the economy of China is projected by some analysts to be the largest national economy in the world, and already has in some aspects.[7][
 
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