Art of the Nudge...

5fish

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Get ready for the rest of you life will be about the Nudge because Governments, A. I. systems, Internet, Corporation will be using them on you... to induce positive behavior for society... Its all about making it easier for you to say or do the right thing...


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Nudge theory is a concept in behavioral economics, political theory, and behavioral sciences[1] that proposes positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence the behavior and decision-making of groups or individuals. Nudging contrasts with other ways to achieve compliance, such as education, legislation or enforcement.

The nudge concept was popularized in the 2008 book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness, by behavioral economist Richard Thaler and legal scholar Cass Sunstein, two American scholars at the University of Chicago. It has influenced British and American politicians. Several nudge units exist around the world at the national level (UK, Germany, Japan, and others) as well as at the international level (e.g. World Bank, UN, and the European Commission).[2] It is disputed whether "nudge theory" is a recent novel development in behavioral economics or merely a new term for one of many methods for influencing behavior, investigated in the science of behavior analysis.[3][4]


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The first formulation of the term nudge and associated principles was developed in cybernetics by James Wilk before 1995 and described by Brunel University academic D. J. Stewart as "the art of the nudge" (sometimes referred to as micronudges).[5] It also drew on methodological influences from clinical psychotherapy tracing back to Gregory Bateson, including contributions from Milton Erickson, Watzlawick, Weakland and Fisch, and Bill O'Hanlon.[6] In this variant, the nudge is a microtargeted design geared towards a specific group of people, irrespective of the scale of intended intervention. No Free Will....

In 2008, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein's book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness brought nudge theory to prominence.[7][8] The authors refer to the influencing of behaviour without coercion as libertarian paternalism and the influencers as choice architects.[9][10]

Thaler and Sunstein defined their concept as the following:[11]:6

A nudge, as we will use the term, is any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives. To count as a mere nudge, the intervention must be easy and cheap to avoid. Nudges are not mandates. Putting fruit at eye level counts as a nudge. Banning junk food does not.
In this form, drawing on behavioral economics, the nudge is more generally applied in order to influence behaviour.

One of the most frequently cited examples of a nudge is the etching of the image of a housefly into the men's room urinals at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, which is intended to "improve the aim. The book also gained a following among US and UK politicians, in the private sector and in public health.[

Here is a link to many already being used...


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In the UK, the Behavioural Insights Unit was set up to use behavioural economics in order to improve choices. Their remit includes:
  • making public services more cost-effective and easier for citizens to use;
  • improving outcomes by introducing a more realistic model of human behaviour to policy, and wherever possible,
  • enabling people to make ‘better choices for themselves’. Behavioural Insights Unit
Here are examples...
  • Up-sell. If you go to a fast-food restaurant, servers are trained to ‘up-sell’ – this means they offer extra options to go with the meal. Often it is ‘drinks, extras and deserts’ which are the most profitable part of the meal.
  • If you buy a coffee, and a barista offers a pastry as well – we are more likely to buy the pasty when it is offered as a suggestion
  • Save more tomorrow™ Economists Richard Thaler and Shlomo Benartzi developed a programme called: Save More Tomorrow™. The idea is to nudge people into taking private pension plans by using behavioural economics. It uses the default choice of enrolling people in a pension scheme, with the added proviso they only start off making small contributions. Only when their wages rise, will their contributions automatically increase. It has seen saving contributions quadruple at companies which use it. (FT link) The way it designed makes the scheme very attractive, and few people choose to reject the offer.
There are many more at the link...
 

5fish

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Here is Nudge being used against the covid-19 virus... read the link and see...


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One example is the so-called status-quo bias, Nobel explains. Essentially, we're often happy with what is already right in front of us. And since we have so many decisions to make on a day-to-day basis, we'll go with the default since it can save us energy and time. So making a good decision needs to be made as simple and energy-saving as possible

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"Both helplessness and optimism represent huge barriers against shaping the behaviors that are required to beat the coronavirus: staying home, washing hands and social distancing. So in everything we do and how we communicate, we need to remember this balance—give hope, but not too much so that people are complacent. Make people worry, but not too much so that they feel helpless. Hope and worry, find a way for this combination to coexist," Nurit Nobel concludes.
 

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The mere effect is all around you...


The mere-exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon in which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. To put it simply, we grow to like something more, the more we come into contact with it

 

5fish

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So political parties have an accessibility window on policies... called the Overton Window... It is a good look at the CT/CSJ argument over the last year and the window...


The Overton window, put as simply as possible, is the range of acceptable ideas. It’s a political term, named after the man credited with articulating it, but it’s actually created and controlled by society at large. Politics follow changes in society, so it’s useful to think of the Overton window more broadly than just politics. Society tends to have more things it’s willing to talk about seriously than politicians are. This is as it should be since politicians follow societal changes.

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The important thing here is that you have a say in the location and width of the Overton window. Your speech and your votes contribute to whether it moves or not and whether it shrinks or expands. If you are no longer willing to openly discuss a topic, you shrink the window. Alternately, if you start discussing a topic with people, you expand the window. And that’s true whether you agree or disagree with the topic. It’s the discussion itself that determines the window. I encourage everyone to discuss the widest array of topics possible. When ideas are brought into the light they can be evaluated, and our understanding improves whether the topic is ultimately tossed back out the Overton window or moves closer to the center.
 

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2min video... Overton...

 

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I was offered this link and I think it proves Overton Window because bad ideas are given a change to be main stream...


Coming up with new ideas that make sense and developing persuasive arguments in favor of those ideas is hard. Many people aren’t up to the challenge. So there’s naturally a robust market for meta-theories as to why it’s okay to not do that and just spew nonsense instead. Consequently, an idea developed by Joseph Overton to help fundraise for a libertarian think tank in Michigan has ended up going viral in policy circles because it offers a license to spew nonsense. Yet tellingly, the viral version of the Overton Window is a mutant strain expressing an idea that’s actually very different from Overton’s idea as described by the think tank he worked for before he died.
 
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